Python: Window programming Tkinter 라이브러리 정리 1

< Tkinter란? >

 

< Tkinter 라이브러리 구성요소 >

 

1. 윈도창 조절

from tkinter import *

# Tk객체 생성
window =Tk()
window.title("연습하기")

# 기본창 사이즈
window.geometry("400x100")

# 창 크기 조절하기
window.resizable(width=True, height=True)

# 윈도 창 띄우기
window.mainloop()

 

 

2. Label을 이용하여 문자 표현하기

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
label1 = Label(window, text="abcd")
label2 = Label(window, text="efgh", font=("궁서체", 30), fg="blue")
label3 = Label(window, text= "ijkl", bg="magenta", width=20, height=5, anchor=SE)
# anchor를 통해 문자의 위치를 고정

label1.pack()
label2.pack()
label3.pack()
# 해당 레이블을 표시하기

window.mainloop()

 

 

3. Label을 이용하여 이미지 표현하기

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
photo = PhotoImage(file="gif/lollipop.gif")
label1 = Label(window, image=photo)
label1.pack()
window.mainloop()

 

 

4. 버튼 위젯 사용하기

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
btn1 = Button(window, text="파이썬 종료", fg="red",
              command=quit)
btn1.pack()
window.mainloop()

 

 

5. 메시지 박스 사용하기

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox

def myFunc():
    messagebox.showinfo(title="클릭하기", message="클릭되었네?")

window = Tk()
btn = Button(window, text="클릭해보세요 ", command=myFunc)
btn.pack()
window.mainloop()

 

 

6. 체크버튼 사용하기

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
window =Tk()

def myFunc():
    if chk.get() == 0: # 체크가 꺼져있으면
        messagebox.showinfo("", "체크 버튼이 꺼져있어요")
    else:  # 체크가 켜져있으면
        messagebox.showinfo("", "체크 버튼이 켜졌어요")

chk = IntVar() # 체크값을 넣어둘 int형 변수 생성
cb = Checkbutton(window, text= "클릭하세요", variable = chk,
                 command=myFunc)
cb.pack()
window.mainloop()

 

 

7. 라디오 버튼 사용하기

from tkinter import *
window=Tk()

def myFunc():
    if var.get() == 1:
        label.configure(text="강아지")
        # configure을 이용해서 label에 새로운 값을 지정해준다.

    if var.get() == 2:
        label.configure(text="고양이")

    if var.get() == 3:
        label.configure(text="토끼")

var = IntVar()

rb1 = Radiobutton(window, text="강아지", variable=var, value=1, command=myFunc)
rb2 = Radiobutton(window, text="고양이", variable=var, value=2, command=myFunc)
rb3 = Radiobutton(window, text="토끼", variable=var, value=3, command=myFunc)

label = Label(window, text="선택: ", fg="red")

rb1.pack()
rb2.pack()
rb3.pack()

label.pack()

window.mainloop()

 

 

8. 위젯 위치 지정하기

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()

btn1 = Button(window, text="버튼1")
btn2 = Button(window, text="버튼2")
btn3 = Button(window, text="버튼3")

btn1.pack(side=LEFT)
btn2.pack(side=LEFT)
btn3.pack(side=LEFT)
# 인자에 LEFT값을 줌으로써 위젯을 왼쪽으로 붙인다. 

window.mainloop()

 

 

 

 

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
btnList = list()

for i in range(10):
    btnList.append(Button(window, text="버튼" + str(i+1)))

for btn in btnList:
    btn.pack(side=RIGHT)

window.mainloop()

 

 

 

 

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
btnList = list()

for i in range(3):
    btnList.append(Button(window, text="버튼" + str(i+1)))

for btn in btnList:
    btn.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
    # fill 인자에 X를 줌으로써 해당 창을 채운다.

window.mainloop()

 

 

9. padding과 margin 주기

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
btnList = list()

for i in range(3):
    btnList.append(Button(window, text="버튼" + str(i+1)))

for btn in btnList:
    btn.pack(side=TOP, fill=X, ipadx=10, ipady=10)

window.mainloop()

 

 

 

 

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
btnList = list()

for i in range(3):
    btnList.append(Button(window, text="버튼" + str(i+1)))

for btn in btnList:
    btn.pack(side=TOP, fill=X, padx=10, pady=10)

window.mainloop()

 

 

10. 위젯을 고정위치에 배치하기

from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
btnList = list()

for i in range(9):
    btnList.append(Button(window, text="버튼" + str(i+1)))

x = 0
y = 0

for i in range(3):
    x = 0
    for j in range(3):
        btnList[i*3+j].place(x=x, y=y, width=50, height=30)
        x += 50
    y += 30

window.mainloop()

 

 

 

 

from tkinter import *
import random
SIZE = 80
photos = ['eclair', 'froyo', 'gingerbread', 'honeycomb',
'jellybean', 'kitkat', 'lollipop', 'marshmallow', 'nougat']

random.shuffle(photos)
window = Tk()
window.geometry("{}x{}".format(SIZE*3, SIZE*3))

x = 0
y = 0
photoList = [None for _ in range(9)]

for i in range(9):
    photoList[i] = PhotoImage(file='gif/' + photos[i] + '.gif')

for i in range(3):
    x = 0
    for j in range(3):
        btn = Button(window, image=photoList[i*3 + j])
        btn.place(x=x, y=y)
        x += SIZE
    y += SIZE

window.mainloop()